Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutCIP 2005-04-18 Minutes Larry Koonce Finance Director CITY OF NORTH RICHLAND HILLS, TEXAS CIP COMMITTEE MEETING APRIL 18, 2005 AGENDA For the meeting to be conducted Monday, April 18, 2005 at the North Richland Hills City Hall, 7301 N.E. Loop 820, in the Pre Council Chambers at 4:00 p.m. The items listed below are placed on the agenda for discussion and /or action. 1. Minutes of the CIP Committee Meeting, February 27, 2004. 2. Review of Preventive Street Maintenance Program and CIP Projects 3. 2005 Preventive Street Maintenance Program 4. Adjournment S EP 1 1 2012 CITY OF NORTH RICHLAND HILLS Department: Public Works Department Meeting Date: 4/18/05 Subject: Approve Minutes from February 27, 2004 CIP Meeting Case /Item Number: 1 Consider approval of minutes from February 27, 2004 CIP Committee Meeting. ,� v � -LL,:t Mike Curtis Public Works Director ACTION TO BE TAKEN Discussion Only Procedural Change Information Only Possible City Council Policy Recommendation Page 1 of _ CITY OF NORTH RICHLANDHILLS, TEXAS MINUTES OF CIP MEETING February 27, 2004 Committee Present: * Tim Welch, Chairman Councilman • Joann Johnson Councilwoman • Joe Tolbert Mayor Pro Tern • Oscar Trevino, Jr. (alternate) Mayor Others Present: Frank Metts, Jr. Councilman David Whitson Councilman Scott Turnage Councilman John Lewis Councilman Larry J. Cunningham City Manager Richard Torres Assistant City Manager Karen Bostic Managing Director /Admin. & Fiscal Services Paulette Hartman Asst. to the City Manager Mike Curtis Public Works Director Larry Koonce Finance Director Clay Caruthers Budget Manager Jimmy Cates Public Works Superintendent * Council CIP Committee Members Item ! Discussion Action CIP Committee Chairman, Councilman Welch, called the meeting to order at 4:00 p.m. Approve Minutes of Mayor Pro Tern Tolbert moved that the minutes be I No Action 3/14/2003 Meeting approved. Councilwoman Johnson seconded the motion. Motion carried. 2004 Preventive The proposed 2004 Preventive Street Maintenance Mike Curtis/ Street Maintenance Program was presented to the Committee. The Jimmy Cates Program proposed program will consist of 16 streets being overlaid, 31 streets being slurry sealed and 40 streets being crack sealed. Mike Curtis, Public Works Director, and Jimmy Cates, Public Works Superintendent, discussed the objectives of the program and how streets are evaluated for each of the different techniques used. Staff requested the CIP Committee consider adding Nancy Lane to the 2004 Preventive Street Maintenance Program due to its extremely poor condition. Staff explained that Nancy Lane (from Maplewood Avenue to Loop 820) was not included Minutes of CIP Meeting 2/27/2004 Page 1 of 3 i in the 2003 Bond Election due to the uncertainty of future development in the area. It is estimated to cost approximately 3100,000 to reconstruct the subgrade and asphalt pavement. Staff reported to the CIP Committee that sufficient funds from savings from previous years were available to do the reconstruction. CIP Chairman Welch asked staff if the section of Odell Street from Davis Boulevard to Smithfield Road was eligible for slurry seal. (The section of Odell Street from Crystal Drive east of Davis Boulevard is included 2004 Preventive Street Maintenance Program to be slurry sealed.) Staff told the committee that is was eligible for the slurry seal and that sufficient funds were available in this year's savings to include Odell Street (Davis Boulevard to Smithfield Road) in the 2004 Preventive Street Maintenance Program. Councilwoman Johnson made the motion that the 2004 Preventive Street Maintenance Program be approved as presented, with the addition of Nancy Lane (Maplewood Avenue to IH Loop 820) to be reconstructed with asphalt and Odell Street (Davis Boulevard to Smithfield Road) to be slurry sealed. Mayor Pro Tem Tolbert seconded the motion. Motion carried. Staff will present the 2004 Preventive Street Maintenance Program to the City Council for formal I approval at the March 11, 2004 Council Meeting. Future CIP Staff asked the CIP Committee if they had Mike Curtis Meetings - preference as to what time of day the CIP Meetings Scheduling were held. The CIP Committee stated the time of day the meetings were held was agreeable to them. However, the Committee did request that staff schedule a CIP Meeting in approximately 5 months to update the Committee on the status of the 2004 Preventive Street Maintenance Program. The Committee requested the meeting be scheduled prior to the budget meeting and possibly conducted during a Pre Council Meeting since all board members are Council members, and a CIP Meeting could be called to order during a Pre Council Meeting. Minutes of CIP Meeting 2/27/2004 Page 2 of 3 s Councilman Welch, CIP Committee Chairman, I adjourned the meeting at 4:49 p.m. Minutes of CIP Meeting 2/27/2004 Page 3 of 3 CITY OF NORTH RICHLAND HILLS Department: Public Works Meeting Date: 4/18/05 Subject: Summary of Preventive Street Maintenance Program and Case /Item Number: 2 Capital Improvement Projects In 2002 the Public Works Department implemented a Preventive Street Maintenance Program. The program has continued on an annual basis since it began. Attached is a summary of work accomplished for each respective year. A total of 56.72 lane miles of street pavement has been resurfaced and a total of 97 streets have been crack sealed since the program was started. Staff feels that the Preventive Street Maintenance Program is very pro- active in maintaining the City's street pavement. Staff also thought the CIP Committee would appreciate a summary of CIP projects that have been completed during the same 3 years (2002, 2003, 2004). The attached table lists the CIP projects that were completed during this time frame. Respectfully submitted, Mike Curtis, P.E. Public Works Director ACTION TO BE TAKEN Discussion Only Procedural Change X Information Only Possible City Council Policy Recommendation Page 1 of 1 Summary of Preventive Street Maintenance Program and Capital Improvement Projects April 18, 2005 Preventive Street Maintenance Program 2002 -2004 Overlay Slurry Seal Crack Seal Approved Year (Lane Miles) (Lane Miles) (Lane Miles) Budget 2002 5.60 9.90 24 $ 620,000 2003 8.77 11.70 33 $ 615,217 2004 8.04 12.71 40 $ 829,855 Total 22.41 34.31 97 $2,065,072 Capital Improvement Projects Completed Projects 2002 - Current Project Date Completed Cost Susan Lee Lane (Loop 820 to Maplewood Ave.) 02/29/02 $256,402.18 CDBG Project Tourist Drive SH 277 to Bewley St. 02/13/02 $ 1,086,959.14 Holiday Lane & Trinidad Dr. Intersection 04/25/02 $64,927.00 Rumfield Road, Ph. III - Utility Adjustments 06/24/02 $268,996.90 Eden Rd. to Davis Blvd.) Wastewater Rehabilitation Project, Contract "B" 11/03/02 $1 ,279.549.11 Big Fossil Creek Erosion Control, Ph. II 01/13/03 $602,713.68 Rumfield Road, Ph. III - Misc. Improvements 04/14/03 $199,268.10 (Eden Rd. to Davis Blvd. Jester Court /Squire Court Drainage Improvements 07/28/03 $57,049.00 NE Loop 820 Utility Relocations @ Rufe Snow Dr. 10/08/03 $315,626.53 Meandering Drive 24" Water Transmission Main 11/10/03 $391,090.52 Susan Lee Lane (Maplewood Ave. to Lola Dr.) 04/13/04 $449,865.95 CDBG Project Walker Branch/Calloway Branch Dredging 09/15/04 * $616,644.00 Main St. /Glenann Dr. Drainage Improvements 09/27/04 $1,107,973.24 North Tarrant Parkway 09/27/04 $4,534,192.43 (Davis Blvd. to Precinct Line Rd.) Flory Drive (Glenview Dr. to Manor Dr.) 01/31/05* $316,291.64 Crane Road, Paving & Drainage Improvements 02/04/05 $1,057,771.43 Amundson Rd. to Martin Dr.) Roberta Drive (Lola Dr. to Clenis Dr.) 02/22/05 $339,919.09 CDBG Project Lola Drive (Davis Blvd. to Scott Dr.) 02/28/05* $632,495.17 Simmons Dr. @ Mid Cities Dr. Traffic Signal 02/28/05* $58,126.91 Booth Calloway Tank Rehabilitation 03/28/05 $264,900.00 Glenview Drive @ Dawn Drive Traffic Signal 03/31/05 $54,114.80 TOTAL $13,954,876.82 * These projects have not been to Council for "final payment" approval. However, the project is substantially complete. CITY OF NORTH RICHLAND HILLS Department: Public Works Department Meeting Date: 4/18/05 Subject: 2005 Preventive Street Maintenance Program Case /Item Number: 3 The Public Works Department has developed a 2005 Preventive Street Maintenance Program. The program consists of asphalt overlay (15 streets), slurry seal (22 streets), and crack seal (43 streets). Attached you will find a listing of the streets being considered. The streets identified to be overlaid are generally the streets that have the lowest condition rating. Public Works staff has looked at the streets with the lowest condition rating and made a determination as to which streets are eligible for a 2" HMAC Overlay. Staff also considered budget and the rate of pavement deterioration to develop the recommended list of streets to be overlaid. Of the 15 streets that will be overlaid, 5 will have the subgrade stabilized and 6 inches of new asphalt will be placed. The remaining 10 streets will be resurfaced with 2 inches of asphalt. The estimated cost for the 2005 Preventive Street Maintenance Program is $574,843. City Council approved $600,000 in the 2004/2005 Capital Projects Budget. Staff will be available at the meeting to answer any questions. Respectfully sub tt� f immy Cates Public Works Operations Manager ACTION TO BE TAKEN Discussion Only Procedural Change Information Only Possible City Council Policy Recommendation Page 1 of _ O O o 0 0 0 0 o O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O o O o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c Cl) (D N O O N M ti LO (0 r O CY) r-- 't (D M N O O (D 0) m L` O — N 0 O LO 00 N N Lf) � M Il- M 00 00 co O }- O O O O m M O M N O 'ct N I- r.: V Lo 00 00 O N T � N (D � O LO (D O r- n Q Ef3 69 EA 69 E9 69 69 N l - � � Cl) 69 bq bq � 64R -a O o 0 O O o o O O o O o 0 0 0 0 ° O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ln Ln 00 m m m _ 00 N 0) v 00 to to L` M M ti r r (D r t� ti LO M M M I-- O E O r (D N O Ll M M O N (D — V (D "7 O U CO N 6 00 N O m LO LO 6 O V N L6 rt f` W 6s 6s Ef3 Ef! 69 69 6 69 69 69 69 69 40 O O 0 O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O O O O O O 00 C O O 00 O O V 0 0) O Ln M M N 6 f— O O N O In L y Lo N O � O O O It M (D C M O O O 0 N O O LO Ln M CD t - V 69 �3 69 69 69 69 6 6 69 64 'z,9 69 649. 44 O O O O O O O O O O O O O 0 O � U� O 0 0 o O o o O O O 0 0 O O o � Q y_ (D Ln O f- O co (D 00 (D N O co CD > ( O O O O O M L17 O �t C O CO (D ° c J > O O N O O r J = N Lo M N O 00 O 4 Ln Ln M f` Z t4 69 b9 69 64 69 64 N 64 N LO M r t, 69 69 69 69 69 E9 69 6R W p Z n- Ln l0 M O LO Lo (D (D (D O O D) O O ti ti = W O >+ O .� to (D M O O � O O Cl) Ln Cl) N N U p O (a E o � v Cl rn v Ln rn rn cD ao � 0 0 00 r.- N i O co � Ln (D 00 O N N N M M (n Q > Q 0 >- V Q _ Z Ln O (o O N O 0 CD 0 N N O r co co N O J U H M N M N N '- M "t N L6 M m C f — d N () N r L` rl- f` r r N O � O O CN X N N N N N N N N N X X N X X w _ '0 X X X X X X X X X X Ln O O O M O O O 00 r p N Ln Ln O � LO d m p N co 'T O O T 00 O O M O N (D N J > O � � C m T Q) C a) c0 c o Y U o m °a > -o a ♦,, cn (�� > U D J y L m CO cz O ° W o ° Q w W o m > > 3 c b c I m U ai - c = > - o o ° ~O o a H U (/) � Q o 5 F Z3 a) m o cat F ofL m ° o ° Z m ` c = Z U ° O m o W Z CVO c n3 �H m= W cHpz70 Z > V co U W° C7 > c W W c W Q .D Q 0 W F- _ o QQ W a� W�� m o W >> c—° �O -O > Up` U Y U W f a� W O y U J cn N n o c Q m xLOpy._0 W _ ° 0 � m o 0 0� E u � °� c�a -��� ° 0� o rm 50 0 �L c J a� aroz°z� Qina�LUCf)<w >=U�z00ogc°n�QQU�U _ E O (n o C/) v in v> > -i m z o N M t.C) O f` m .-- T � t N w S P��PNtP ! 1 inch equals 4000 feet I... .......... .� j 1�4 - No. Location i URSE D 1 Harwick Ln 2 Topper Ct 11 3 Windcrest Ct ; J 4 Mary Dr 1 m UMFIEL RD 5 Mary Ct ! T 6 Odell St i z i 3 7 Scarborough PI i z 8 Deville Dr "I ER w 9 Short St N J� 10 Circle Dr N 11 Woods Ln 1 MAN S i �; i 31 t r 12 Simmons Rd (1) z' 7 LL 13 Simmons Rd (2) 1 . • MI CITIES BL 14 Valley Dr - 15 Little Ranch Rd 12 ............ . 1.0 2, EM L 1 WOOD RD 1 1 i \ ESS RD \.• � .. 0 ww u GLENVIEW DR m °� I .._r Z _ 2 Inch HMAC Overlay by City Staff G 5 18 MAR 05 gis_0509 PW overlay_2005.mxd Prepared for Public Works by Information Services - ISIS CITY OF NORTH RICHLAND HILLS PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT 2005 SLURRY SEAL STREET LISTING AID; TOTAL', SLURRY° TOT LENGTH/ AC2 O. STREET SQUARE SEAL ESTIMATE WIDTH TOTAL =uom d. =YARflS CO TS 1 JAMIE RENEE LANE 27 x1462 4,386 4,386 $7,237.00 $7,237.00 $7,237.00 Parkview Drive/Holiday Lane 2 WESTCLIFF DRIVE 27 x 500 1,500 5,886 $2,475.00 $2,475.00 $9,712.00 Central Avenue / Parkview Drive 3 PARKVIEW DRIVE 27 x 850 2,550 8,436 $4,208.00 $4,208.00 $13,920.00 Chapman Road/Westliff Drive 4 SABLE DRIVE 27 x 250 750 9,186 $1,238.00 $1.238.00 $15.158.00 Brandi Place /Sable Lane 5 CENTRAL AVENUE 27 x 1800 5,400 14,586 $8,910.00 $8,910.00 $24,068.00 Sable Lane/Chapman Road 6 OLD HICKORY DRIVE 27 x 500 1,500 16,086 $2,475.00 $2,475.00 $26,543.00 Smithfield Road/Coventry Circle 7 CIRCLE DRIVE 27 x 475 1.983 18,069 $3,272.00 $3,272.00 $29.815.00 Susan Lee Lane /Dead -End 8 BUENOS AIRES DRIVE 27 x 3100 9,300 27,369 $15,345.00 $15,345.00 $45.160.00 Caracas Drive /Rufe Snow Drive 9 MEADOW CREST DRIVE 27 x 1471 4,413 31,782 $7,281.00 $7,281.00 $52,441.00 Meadow Oak Drive /Rufe Snow Drive 10 GLENGARRY COURT 27 x 324 1.530 33.312 $2,525.00 $2.525.00 $54,966.00 Diamond Loch Drive West/Cul -de -Sacs 11 CAMELOT COURT 27 x 169 1.065 34.377 $1.757.00 $1,757.00 $56,723.00 Diamond Loch Drive West/Cul -de -Sac 12 KING ARTHUR COURT 27 x 366 1,656 36.033 $2,732.00 $2,732.00 $59.455.00 Glenview Drive /Cul -de -Sac 13 GLENWOOD DRIVE 27 x 900 2.700 38,733 $4 $4,455.00 $63,910.00 Sunrise Drive /Sunset Road 14 ARBORBROOK DRIVE 27 x 700 2.100 40.833 $3,465.00 $3,465.00 $67,375.00 Sunrise Drive /Sunset Road 15 JOHNSON AVENUE 27 x 300 900 41,733 $1,485.00 $1.485.00 $68,860.00 Abbott Avenue /Price Drive 16 JOHNSON COURT 27 x 85 813 42,546 $1,342.00 $1,342.00 $70,202.00 Price Drive /Cul -de -Sac 17 RANDLE DRIVE 27 x 500 1.500 44,046 $2,475.00 $2.475.00 $72,677.00 Booth Calloway Road /Ashmore Drive 18 CHARLES STREET 27 x 657 1,971 46.017 $3,252.00 $3,252.00 $75,929.00 Onyx Drive South /Jerrell Street 19 BILLIE FAYE DRIVE 27 x 1500 4,650 50,667 $7,673.00 $7,673.00 $83.602.00 Onyx Drive South/Onyx Drive North 20 PARKWOOD DRIVE 27 x 900 2,700 53.367 $4,455.00 $4,455.00 $88.057.00 Meadowview Terrace /Crosstimbers Lane 21 DARIN STREET 27 x 200 600 53,967 $990.00 $990.00 $89,047.00 Irish Drive /Ulster Drive 22 ASHMORE DRIVE 27 x 1600 4,800 58,767 $7,920.00 $7,920.00 $96,967.00 Roclan Drive /Glenview Drive TOTAL 92,446 58,767 $96,967.00 $96,967.00 $96,967.00 2005 Slurry Seal Program 4/11/2005 N �r 1 inch equals 4000 feet T" a i i No. Location �.._.. _.._.._..� 1 Jamie Renee Ln RD , 2 Westcliff Dr - - -' 3 Parkview Dr �! 4 Sable Dr 20 5 Central Ave i m UMFIEL RD '< 6 Old Hickory Dr i T s 7 Circle Dr 1 & 8 Buenos Aires Dr 9 Meadowcrest Dr Z 10 Glengarry Ct N ERD o w W — Cr a 11 Camelot Ct 12 King Arthur Ct LL 13 Glenwood Dr 14 Arborbrook Dr OMAN 1 s 15 Johnson Ave Z ,2 r 16 Johnson Ct LL 13 r-5 -4 1 17 Randle Dr MI CITIES BL 18 Charles St 14 15 19 Billie Faye Dr 16 20 Parkwood Dr 21 Darin St 22 Ashmore Dry 7 2=1 EM L G ?T t 0" ' 9 ' WOOD RD 0 (NE 1-001'820) -- ���♦`. ESS RD '12 17 ° 2 . 22 ' N � GLENVIEW DR � m z .._.._ _.[. 101 o r z� 1'8 • 19 M RH i 2005 Slurry Seal 18 MAR 05 gis_0509 PW slurry_2005.mxd Prepared for Public Works by Information Services - GIS City of North Richland Hills Public Works /Street Division Preliminary Crack Seal Listing 4/8/2005 NUMBER STREET NAME DESCRIPTION 1 Clift Street All 2 Walter Street All 3 Jean Ann Drive Susan Lee Lane - Crestwood Circle West 4 Bogart Drive Holiday Lane - College Circle 5 Payte Lane Turner Drive - End 6 Kristina Lane Bursey Road - End 7 Kim Lane Kristina Lane - Hunter Lane 8 Victoria Avenue Redondo Street - Holiday Lane West 9 Briley Drive Blaney Avenue - Cummings Drive 10 Scruggs Drive Glenview Drive - Grapevine Highway 11 Daytona Drive Scruggs Drive - Flory Street 12 Flory Street Glenview Drive - Grapevine Highway 13 Jerrell Street Rogene Street - Rufe Snow Drive 14 Venice Street Onyx Drive South - Onyx Drive North 15 Diamond Loch Drive East All 16 Diamond Loch Drive West All 17 Castle Combe Place Suncrest Court - Devonshire Drive 18 Joreen Drive Maplewood Avenue - Grove Street 19 Standley Street Colorado Boulevard - Grove Street 20 Bob Drive Harwood Road - Colorado Boulevard 21 Havana Drive Buenos Aires Drive - Trinidad Drive 22 Cancun Drive Trinidad Drive - Buenos Aires Drive 23 Lewis Court Dick Lewis Drive - Meadow Crest Drive 24 Mackey Drive Victoria Avenue - Riviera Drive 25 Georgia Avenue Redondo Street - Rufe Snow Drive 26 Oliver Drive Redondo Street - Rufe Snow Drive 27 Keeter Drive Glenview Drive - End 28 Shady Grove Road Buckner Lane - East of Indian Knoll Trail 29 Shady Grove Road 8463 Shady Grove Road - Steeple Ridge Drive 30 — 7 K@ndy Lane Bursey Road - Continental Trail CADocuments and Settings \smurphy \Local Settings \Temporary Internet Files \OLK7AD\2005 Crack Seal List City of North Richland Hills Public Works /Street Division Preliminary Crack Seal Listing 4/8/2005 NUMBER STREET NAME DESCRIPTION 31 Lincoln Lane Windhaven Road - Dead End 32 Hickory Hollow Lane Douglas Lane - Crosstimbers Lane 33 Hunter Lane Continental Trail - Kim Lane 34 Green Acres Drive Crosstimbers Lane - Meadowview Terrace 35 Northfield Drive Rumfield Road - Northfield Park 36 Wood Creek Court Riviera Drive - Cul -de -Sac 37 Oakfield Corner Court Windhaven Road - Dead End 38 Ford Drive Terrell Drive - Kirk Lane 39 Morgan Circle Glenview Drive - Mackey Drive 40 Dawn Drive Onyx Drive South - 3712 Dawn Drive 41 Dent Road Denton Highway - North Hills Drive 42 Finian Lane Park Entrance - Emerald Hills Way 43 Riviera Drive Lariat Trail - Shady Lake Drive C: \Documents and Settings \smurphy \Local Settings \Temporary Internet Files \OLK7AD\2005 Crack Seal List CITY OF NORTH RICHLANDHILLS, TEXAS MINUTES OF CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS (CIP) COMMITTEE MEETING April 18, 2005 Committee Present: * Tim Welch, Chairman Councilman * David Whitson Mayor Pro T em * Oscar Trevino, Jr. (alternate) Mayor Others Present: Larry J. Cunningham Ogden "Bo" Bass Richard Torres Karen Bostic City Manager Assistant City Manager Assistant City Manager Managing Director/Admin. & Fiscal Services Asst. to the City Manager Public Works Director Operations Manager Budget Director Finance Director Public Works Street Supervisor Public Works Office Supervisor Richard Abernethy Mike Curtis Jimmy Cates Drew Corn Larry Koonce Gaylon Cremeen Sharon Murphy * Council CIP Committee Members Item Discussion Action CIP Committee Chairman, Councilman Welch, called the meeting to order at 4:00 p.m. It was noted that CIP Committee Member JoAnn Johnson was absent and the alternate member, Mayor Trevino would be votinç¡. Approve Minutes of Mayor Pro Tem David Whitson moved that the No Action 2/27/2004 Meeting minutes be approved. Mayor Trevino seconded the motion. Motion carried. Review of Mike Curtis, Public Works Director, gave a summary No Action Preventive Street of the Preventive Street Maintenance Program since Maintenance it was implemented in 2002. The various Program and CIP techniques used and rating methods were Projects discussed. A summary of Capital Improvement Projects that were also completed during the same period (2002-current) was provided. 2005 Preventive Jimmy Cates, Public Works Operations Manager, Mike Curtis/ Street Maintenance gave a presentation of the proposed 2005 program. Jimmy Cates Program The program for 2005 consists of 15 streets to be asphalt overlaid, 22 streets for slurry seal, and 43 streets to be crack sealed. A total of $600,000 was approved bv Council in the 2004/2005 Capital Minutes of CIP Meeting 4/18/2005 Page 10f2 Projects Budget. Mr. Cates explained that the streets with the lowest condition rating are generally the ones designated for overlay. Other considerations are budget and rate of deterioration. Mr. Cates explained that overall the streets in North Richland Hills are holding at an average rate of 79, which is a good rating. Mayor Pro Tem Whitson moved that the 2005 Preventive Street Maintenance Program as presented be taken to the City Council Meeting for consideration on April 25, 2005. Mayor Trevino seconded the motion. Motion carried. Councilman Welch, CIP Committee Chairman, adjourned the meeting at 4:29 p.m. Minutes of CIP Meeting 4/18/2005 Page 2 of 2