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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCC 1998-11-24 AgendasCITY OF NORTH RICHLAND HILLS CITY COUNCIL WORK SESSION NOVEMBER 24, 1998 - 11:30 A.M. The City Council of the City of North Richland Hills will hold a Work Session at the North Richland Hills City Hall in the Pre-Council Room, 7301 Northeast Loop 820 on November 24, 1998 at 11:30 a.m. The below listed items are placed on the Agenda for discussion and/or action. ITEM(S) FOR DISCUSSION: 1. Presentation and Discussion of the Creation of the Town Center Zoning District ~~~~ ~~- ity Secretary ~ST~D Date .¢-. ~,..r..~rg;y CITY OF NORTH RICHLAND HILLS CITY COUNCIL WORK SESSION NOVEMBER 24, 1998 - 11:30 A.M. The City Council of the City of North Richland Hills will hold a Work Session at the North Richland Hills City Hall in the Pre-Council Room, 7301 Northeast Loop 820 on November 24, 1998 at 11:30 a.m. The below listed items are placed on the Agenda for discussion and/or action. ITEM(S) FOR DISCUSSION: 1. Presentation and Discussion of the Creation of the Town Center Zoning District ~~ ~, . ~ ~.~_.. City Secretary INFORMAL REPORT TO MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL ~ ~ Date: November 20, 1998 __ =~~ _ - -,~ ~*~_ subject: Town Center District Work Session No. IR 98-237 On Tuesday, November 24, 1998 we will be mee#ing to discuss the creation of a "Town Center District", plus an amendment to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan to define the boundaries of the district. This will require no action from City Council at this meeting. We have invited Jerry Sylo, Senior Planner with Ferrara Architects, Inc. to give us an overview of the Design Standards that will govern the Town Center District. We are sending you a copy of the proposed Design Standards. In addition to the Design Standards we have attached a copy of the proposed Town Center Table of Permitted Uses. The table is laid out in a matrix with the eve types of districts (Edge District, General District, Center District, Core District, and Special District) that will be allowed in the Town Center identified at the top of each page. The Permitted Uses of each district are then identified by the capital letter "P" in the box adjacent to the various uses. In the packet you-will also find two maps. The first map outlines the proposed boundaries of the Master Plan Update or Amendment. The second map provides a general description of the boundaries of the proposed Zoning District. We will have detailed maps available at the meeting. I apologize in advance for the poor quality of these maps due to the reproductions the details are difficult to see. While I know that we have provided you with a lot of information, we have continued to receive additional information about the use of Traditional Urban Design standards and principles. We are sending for your information to add to your Town Center Project Handbook (the three-ring binder) the following articles: 1) "Streets Safer if Narrow, Says Colorado Study". At the conclusion of this article you will find a Web Site where you can actually read a summary of the study and its findings. I would encourage you to look it up if you have time. 2) "Welcome to the Belmont Planning Department". This is a Web Site from which I have taken the following articles. I thought you might find their Web Site of interest, since it provides information other than what I have attached. 3) "Traditional Urban Design and the Municipal Zoning Ordinance". This is an article written by the former Planning Director of the City of Belmont, North Carolina. I think it provides a very good perspective in relation to the challenge that we face in taking bold steps to re-introduce techniques of traditional planning and design. 4) "Neotraditional Urbanism and Town Planning: Random Musings of a Convert", by James W. Wood 5) "Congress For the New Urbanism {CNU)". This is another Web Site that introduces the CNU and the Board of Directors, of which Andre Duany and Elizibeth Plater- Zyberk are members. ISSUED BY THE CITY MANAGER NORTH RICHLAND HILLS, TEXAS IR 98-237 It is intended that the Council Work Session be .informal. We will be providing lunch. We realize that this information may be overwhelming, but there will be a question and answer session with the Staff. The Staff and our consultants have been reviewing and revising the design standards with Arcadia Realty Corp. for the past several months. Since we have been notified that one or more of the Council members may not be able to attend we will record the session and provide them with a video. Respectfully submitted, Ron Ragland Assistant City Manager RR Zoning Regulations City of North Richland Hills. Texas Districts Town Center Table of Permitted Uses ._ = O N N - ~ O N ~ ~ O N _ ~ - cv ._ W C~ U U ~ A. RESIDENTIAL USES Single Family Detached Dwelling Unit P P P P Duplex Dwelling Unit P P P Triplex or Fourplex Dwelling Unit P P P Mufti-Family Dwelling Unit P P P Boarding or Rooming House P P P Townhome P P P Ranch and Farm Dwelling necessary to agricui. use Zero Loi Line SF Dwelling Unit P P P Personal Care Home (16) S S P P ~B. UTILITY, ACCESSORY, ~ INCIDENTAL USES Accessory Building (1) P P P P P Home Occupation (2) P P P P P Public and Private Utility Use (Not Office) P P P P P Radio, Television or Cellular Telephone Tower S S Telephone Exchange, Switching, Relay Station $ $ $ $ $ Water Reservoir, Water Pumping Station, Wate P P P P P ~C. EDUCATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL USES Cemetery J Mausoleum Church, Sanctuary, Rectory or Synagogue P P P P P Civic, Social J Fraternal Organization P P College I University P P Community Center P P P P Dance Studio J Martial Arts Studio P P Day Care Center /Kindergarten S P P P Emergency Clinic P P Facility for care of alcoholic, narcotic, psychiatric rehab Town Center Permitted Uses Zoning Regulations Crtv of North Richland Hills, Texas Districts Town Center • Table of Permitted Uses ~ ,~. N W ~, p ~, L C~ = o ~, V ~ o N U .i N o - ,`° ~ Family Counseling Clinic P P Fire Station S P P P P Hospital P P library S P P P P Medical Clinic P P Museum P P Nursing Home I Orphanage P P Post office P P P P P Private or Parochial School P P Public Building (not listed elsewhere) P P Public scnool P P P P P Senior Citizen Center (Non-Commercial) $ P P P Senior Citizen Center {Commercial} P P Social Services Administrative Office P P Trade or Business School P P ID. RECREATIONAL ~ ENTERTAINMENT USES Amusement Arcade (indoor) (5) $ $ billiard Parlor (6) S S Bingo Hall Bowling Lanes P P Carnival, Circus, Street Festival or Special Fund Raising Event (Temporary) (7) P P P P P Children's Entertainment Center P P Commercial Recreation (outdoor) P P _ Country Ciub P P Dance Studio or Martial Arts Studio P P P Drive-in Theater Town Center Permitted Uses Zoning Redulabons City of North Richland Hills, Texas Districts Town Center Table of Permitted Uses ~ N ~, W N _ ~ ~, C~ o ~- ~ U ~ N ~, o U o _ .~ ~. ~ Golf Course Golf Driving Range Miniature Golf Course P P Movie Theater (indoors) P P Outdoor Festival, Cultural Event. Celebration P P P P Park or Playground P P P P P Private Club /Night Club P P Race Track Rodeo Ground (8) Roller or Ice Skating Rink P P Spa, Health Studio, Fitness or Recreation Center ~ P Stable (commercial) Swim or Tennis Club P P Commercial Amusement Indoor P P f E. AUTOMOBILE ~ TRANSPORTATION RELATED USES Airport, Heliport I landing Field S $ Auto /Truck Dealer -New (9) Auto Parts and Accessory Sales (w/machine shop) S Auto Parts and Accessory Sales (wlo machine shop) P Auto, Truck, Trailer Rental S S Automobile & Light Truck Repair Shop P Automobile Inspection Station P Automobile Lubrication Center P Auto Stereo and Alarm Store S Auto Upholstery Shop S Automotive Window Tinting Store S Bus Passenger Terminal P P Car Wash !Auto Laundry P Town Center Permitted Uses Zonins~ Regula6ons CiN of North Richland Hills. Texas Districts Town Center ~, Table of Permitted ~, o N ~ o ~ ~ ~, o Uses 0 ~ ~ ~ o N _ ~~ W C7 U o U Q V1 LPG / CNG Dispensing Station p Marine Equipment Sales/Repair p Paint and Body Shop P Railroad or Motor Freight Terminal RV or Camper Sales Lot Service Station P Tire 8~ Battery Sales Store Truck Service Center Used Vehicle Sales Lot (10) VehiGe Storage Facility (11) Wrecker /Towing Service Wrecking /Auto Salvage Yard (12) F. OFFICE USES Accountant's Office P P P P Advertising Agency p P P P Administrative Offices P P P P Attorney's Office P P P P Chiropractic Clinic P P P P Contractors Office (w/o shop 8~ garage) P p P P P Computer Consultant P P P P Consultant P P P P Dental office P P P P Governmental office P P P P General Office uses P P P P Graphic Design P P P P insurance Agency P P P P Investment Broker Office P P P P Marketing Consultant office p P P P Town Center Permitted Uses Zoning Regulations City of North Richland Hills. Texas Districts Town Center Table of Permitted Uses ~ ~ Q~ W ~, N -- C C7 o N C V ~ C L U ~L `~ O G~ t~ Mortgage Loan Business Office p P P P OptometrisUOptician's Office P P P P Physician's Office P P P P Private Investigator's Office P P P P Professional /Business Office P P P P Real Estate Office P P P P Telecommunications office p P P P Tax Return Preparation Office P P P P Telemarketing Office P P P P Temporary Employment Agency p P P P Title Company/Abstract Company p p P P Travel Agency /Airline Ticket Office p P P P !G. RETAIL AND SERVICE USES Alcohol Beverage Sales On-Premises - (6t?96 Food Sales Required by Ordinance Number 1924) p P Antique Shop P P Arts ~ Crafts Store P P Audio-visual Sales and Service Store P P Bakery Shop P P Bank or Savings and Loan P P Barber Shop /Beauty Salon P P Bicycle Shop P P Book Store P P Beauty Supply Store P P Camera Sales and Service Store P P Carpet 8 Tite Sales Store P P Cart Based Retail (ou#door) P P Clock Store P P Cleaning and Pressing Pick-up Station p p Town Center Permitted Uses Zoning Regulations City of North Richland Hilts Texas Districts Town Center Table of Permitted Uses ~ ~ N W ~, ~, ~ ~ C7 o N ~, C U ~ O N L U L o ._ ~ Clothing Store P P Coffee Shop/Tea Room P P Computer Sales and Service Store P P Computer Software Store P P Consumer ElectroniS Store P P Copy Center P P Convenience Store P P Department Store P P Dog Training School Dry Cleaners (13) P P Equipment Rental Requiring Outdoor Display Area p Fabric Shop P P Fanners Market P P Florist Shop P P Furniture 8~ Home Furnishings Store P P Gift Shop P P Greeting Card Store P P Grocery Store /Supermarket P P Hardware Store P P Health and Nutrition Food Store P P Hot Tubs and Spas P Imported Goods Store P P Jewelers P P Kennel P Key Shop I Locksmith P P Laundry, Self Service P P Luggage Sales Store P P Medical Appliances and Fitting P P Mortuary 1 Funeral Parlor Music instruction P P P P Nail Salon P P Town Center Permitted Uses Zonin~Regulations City of North Richland Hills. Texas Districts Town Center Table of Permitted ses C ~ ~ W ~ o N ~ ~ d C'3 ~ N ~ d U O N o V .L ..r ~- `~ s ~ ~~ ma t/~ Nursery Retail Sales p Office Supplies and Equip. Store P p Paint Retail Store P P Pawn Shop P P Pet Store P P Pharmacy P P Photofinishing Store P P Photography Studio P P Private Tutoring P P P P Produce Market P P Restaurant or Cafeteria P p Retail Store and Shop P P Sales and Service of Heavy Equipment p Shoe Repair Shop P P Shoe Store P P Shopping Mall or Shopping Center p p Sporting Goods Store P P Sports Card Store P P Tailor /Alteration Shop P P Tanning Salon P P Telecomminications Business/Sales office p p Toy Store P P Trophy & Awards Shop P P Veterinarian Clinic (w/ outdoor kennels) p p Veterinarian Clinic (w/o outdoor kennels) P P Video Tapes and Records Store P P Weight Loss Center p P Women's Accessory Store P P .COMMERCIAL USES Contractors Office (w/shop 8~ garage) (17) S Town Cerrter Permitted Uses Zoning Regulations City of North Richland Hills Texas Districts Town Center ~, L T ~ o ~ ~, N able of Permitted ~ N p ~ o O - N O - Uses ~ ~ ~ N ~~ ~ d n o a Feed and Seed Store P Garden Center P Hardware & Building Materials Retail J Wholesale Home Improvement Center P Janitorial Supply and Service Company P Lawn Maintenance Service Shop Lumber Yard Mini-warehouse (Self Storage} Motel or Hotel (14) p p p Moving or Storage Company P Newspaper Printing Pant Pest Control Service Store p Printing Shop S P P Research Laboratory p p p Sign Shop Swimming Pool Sales and Service Store $ Truck & Heavy Machinery Sales /Service /Rental $ Upholstery Shop $ Warehousing $ NVholesaJe Distributor $ Warehousing ~ Storage of any commodity except heavy steel, large diameter pipe, junk, salvage, explosive or hazardous chemicals ! $ I. AGRICULTURAL USES Agricultural including the raising of field crops, horticulture, anima{ husbandry, subject to the rules and regulations of the City, County, and State Health Dept. (15) Farm or Ranch Greenhouse or Plant Nursery (wholesale} Town Center Permitted Uses. Zoning Regulations Crtv of North Richland Hills Texas Districts Town Center Table of Permitted Uses ~ p ~ W ~, N _" ~ C7 o N ~ U ~ p N o V . .~ o .~ Q to J. MANUFACTURING AND INDUSTRIAL USES Asphalt or Concrete Batching Plant (permanent) Asphalt or Concrete Batching Plant (temporary) $ Assembling Operations of Commodities, alt operations conducted in fully enclosed building $ $ P Cabinet Shop $ P Chemical Laboratory $ Cold Storage Plant $ Commercial Bakery Plant $ Commercial Carpet Cleaning $ Commeraal Laundry /Dying Plant $ Food Processing Plant Furniture Manufacturing Plant $ Machine Shop $ Manufacturing and Assembling operations of commodities except large steel structures $ Micro-Brewery p p p Petroleum Collection /Storage Facility ReGamation Center Sheet Meta{ Shop $ $ $ $ Soft Drink Bottling Plant Storage of Stone, Rock, or Gravel $ Welding Shop /Foundry Town Center Permitted Uses r~' - ~- ~ ~ '' ,~. ~~~j ARRII~T~TfW4`. ~, 1 ~ ~ `!~ ~ =r _ ~ _~. ___ ~ ~ ~ / ,~ - ~ ~ ' T ~ ,~`~-i ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ F euRSEY R ~ ~~, i~ ;-, --~ ,~ - r'~ ~ w ! ' ~~ ~: _~~:~ ;' I ~ ~ o ~STI~R E5 R09 ~ i ~ ~1 ~'~ j ~ -z ~ ; _ ~'~ ,' ,~ J ~ r' "~~~ ~',-~i~ W ,~ E ~ ~ ~-=rte _ -,-~ ~ ~' 5 z ,+~ _ ~" CHAP A vii RTH N~ ~- t _ -, R HLAND ~ a~~ I C ~ ~° ~M ~ ~ TIES BLV . ~ ~ a HILLS - ~ -~ .~ -.~ ~: ~ ~ .~ ~...~. 1 ~ J Yoh ~~~ ~ ~ ~c i ~ , i ~ 7 i ~~ i ~ ' ~ r •~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :I •. I 1 ~^- ~ r ~ \ i '.YI ~' ~1J 1 ~ ~ '' LOOP 8 0 J ~ ~- }a+A .1 ~ v. ~ f~ ~ ~ Y ,.a ,i .~, ~. s -,~ W ,6 ~ ~_-_ ~_ ~r~ 1 - --- '~..r~y---- ~ ~ f ~ G ENV R ~~ I -_ ~ ~ fib` b\ ~ .~ ~ ~. _ ,. ~ ~ v ~ ~ ~h r ~ ~~ ~ ~ :~ ~, Y ~ ~ ~ ~,. ~~ ~~ M' i R•? I~ «vw ..w. w i~ ~; ~ ~i ,. ~c ~ I ~~ I ~ ~~ R R•! ~I, M/W I! ii..Ilii • .+... i~~ ~~ I ~ - ...~.,... •»• t• ,; ; , ,.I. ~i.ll ~lli,l~ ~.... ,. •w+.• ~ .w ~,. I I~i.~II I Ij ... I .~, )1 t ~'o . I, o (I,I~I ~/ k i~O'I. ;; ~~ ~ I, ,~; ,. I'_........~ ~ '• I',~~ ~ ~c~ c •, `~ `t ~,v .. ~• ~. . , ,, ' ,, ~' I , ~~~ ~ w•rr M ~ ' I I lR ivu I ~`1' 1f I ~ t,r I/ 11 II. ~ 1 1 {~• ~, 1 t,~ \. .; ; . ~ ~': '~ c•: i .• ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 ` ,` `\ R~7. ~{J x••-o '~ i . 1 ,~ ~ 1, ~ E.. J .1 ; i I i .~~ ~ ~., ~ ~~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ •~ , ~` 1 ^\, ` - `. ~ ~ ~' ~ \ ~ ~~ f ~~ A (. ~~ ....__,~. t _. ,/V ~ ~. .~'~• Y ~ ~ r • ~` • h ("' Y ~Y ~~ O ~~ UD u •~ w''~ `,O~ ~u GE~I E~~ ~o~avo~1 o~ K 1 R•i ; R.f f ...,.. ~~' ~!'Y~ ~ G y1,~ • '~ 1 (: 7 (~' C ~~ // ~ ,Ovy ~ Q`4~9 >> i/L~,~,.r ~-• -•.y Struts Safer N Narrow, Says Colorado Study Traffic engineers have tradi- tionally considered wide streets to be safe streets. How- ever, astudy recently complet- ed for the City of LAngtnont, Colorac~as that rela- tively narrow sites -- those `~_. 24 feet €rom curb to curb --- n r X Z 3 3 Y i may actually be safer, at least in residential areas. Based on an analysis of eight years' worth of accident and emergency response data, the study found that street width and curvature are the most sig- nificant factors in accident fre- quency, and that "as street width widens, accidents per mile per year increase expo- nentially." The study; which evaluated local streets carrying 2,500 or fewer vehicles each day, also found that traffic volume plays a relatively minor role in acci- dent rates. In Longmont, the study found that some of the most dangerous local streets ha~~e ~~olumes of less than 700 trips daily but are between 36 and 44 feet wide. The study also determined that narrow streets pose no greater risk to the safety of res- idents as a result of fire. This finding is significant in that. in many com~aunities municipal safety o~ :os~ con- struction of wtr streets -:~_ on the grounds they make properties less accessible dur- ing fires and other emergen- C1eS. According to Peter Swift, one of its primary authors, the study is among the first to cor- relate street width with general public safety. Swift is actively encouraging other cities to conduct similar research and share their results to build an adequate body of knowledge. For more information on the study, contact Peter Swift of Swift Associates at (303) 772- 7052. A copy of the report is available on the Web at http://members.aol.com/ PHswi/Swif t-street. html. ~: -.. .. hTarrnwtr' residential street. Typical 36 foot wide residential street City of RelmoM, NC Home Page http:J/vwvw.state.nc.uslBelmont/plann~ng.htm Welcome to the Belmont Planning Department The Belmont Planning Department is active planning a community of the 21st century. Our goal is to continue to develop the City using the traditional town planning principles of our founders. Through the comprehensive revision of the Regulating Ordinance, we have fully embr~ed "New Urbanism" tools to prevent futher suburban sprawl and promote the high quality of life our residents have come to expect from Belmont. Our Regulating Ordinance is the first of its kind anywhere in North Carolina, and quite possibly, the nation. It is unique in that it is the only municipal ordinance presently in existence based entirely upon neotraditional principles. The Ordinance has been in place in one form or another since June 6, 1994, and it has been widely acclaimed as a pioneering achievement in the New Urbanist movement. In~ation Spe~clflc to Belmont •Belmont and the New Urbanism, an essay by formes Belmont Planning DirE~tor Demetri Baches ~ Regulating Ordinance ~Beimont Peninsula Strategic Plan Map of Belmont and the Charlotte Metro Area l~Map of the Belmont Peninsula General infi~rima#lon ~Neotraditionai Urbanism and Town Planning, an essay by James VV~ood, planner for Georgetown, SC Links to Other Planning Sites ~iCNeed More Information???did For information on the City of 8elmottt, please send e-mail to beimont~vnet. net, phone us at (704) 825-5586, or FAX your request to (704} 825-0514. City of Belmont 115 North Main Street PO Box 431 1 of 7 4! 1 C1K_ 1R 11.1 R PIIA Traditic:nal Urban Design and the Municipal Zoning Ordinance http:J/www.state.nc.uslBelmonUnewurban.htm Traditional Urban Design and the Municipal Zoning Ordinance Demetri Baches, former Planning Director Architects and builders have begun to rediscover the knowledge and techniques aF traditional planning and design. New developments have incorporated these principles to create functional towns and neighborhoods. Up to now a majority ofi these projects have been greenfield developments, but as the body of knowledge used in marketing, financing, and engineering traditional design advances, their introduction into existing urban areas will increase. As this occurs the design guidelines used to code them will come into conflict with existing zoning policies. Current zoning practices do little to encourage multifunctional, adaptable, urban places. They have superseded the wide spectrum ofi urban typologies with one model; the suburb. The codes and vocabulary used to promote traditional designs differ from those used to promote suburbia. The urban and rural alternatives, which traditional design speaks to, incorporate the full spectrum of living environments. Their application is complex because successfully organizing the fine grain design of true urbanism requires a comprehensive knowledge of many disciplines. Instead of merely paying lip service to pedestrian friendly places and neighborhood ideals, planners must understand why they are desirable and learn how to build them. This will require planners to become fluent in the techniques of traditional design, in order to adapt the necessary coding for incorporation into municipal zoning ordinances. Some aspects of the approach require the application of current technologies for them to be successful. Only then will planners be able to cooperate with architects and builders in improving the built environment. The current model of city building has been coded at many levels. Zoning is only one. Lending practices, market analysis, health regulations, building code standards, engineering practices, insurance policy, and legal implications form the foundation for city design. Zoning has become the spatial representation of these factors, graphically depicted on maps. As a tool for urban design it is very limited. It's primary function is to facilitate the quick and financially efficient development of land along the principles dictated by the factors fisted above. The model is market driven. This means segregated, auto dependent land uses. The result is a sprawling suburban landscape which takes on the same form regardless of the region. In fact, examples such as Houston show that the absence of a "zoning layer" within the development model has little affect on the urban form of a city. ~ ~f ~ qr~ n~ ~ ~ •r> P~ Traddio~al Urban Design and the Municipal Zoning Ordinance http:!lwww.state. nc.usJBelmorrt/newurba~. htm Traditional design changes the entire model. For example, most marketing today is sophisticated at a very shallow level. This is because the city has been broken up into pods of identical product, each pod unrelated to the other. The expertise required to build and sell nearly identical lines of product within a pod has to be focused on monumental efforts at distinguishing one from another within very narrow "image" parameters. These parameters are mostly internal aspects of design, such as the size of the kitchen, the color of furnishings, the presence of fireplaces, or Jacuzzi's, the floor/ ceiling heights, cafeterias, and telecommunications capabilities. Traditional design focuses planning on integrating, not separating urban elements. External design becomes just as important. Therefore, the entire development model is affected. This can only be achieved through careful coding of the full variety of urban and rural typologies. This in turn requires an understanding of the subtle and obvious nuances in architecture, landscape, streetscape, and building type. Combining these elements requires a knowledge of markets, technology, and society. When done correctly an intricate and rich urban fabric can be created. An ordinance which encourages traditional development must take all these factors into account. The level of detail a traditional code possesses depends on the type of development being cx~ded. Private sector development codes can and do contain very precise parameters for all aspects ofi urbanism. This is possible because ofi single or limited ownership interests: Public sector municipal codes will vary in the degree of codification depending on local desires. However, the concepts for both private and public codes are the same. The aim of the code is to package various urban components into functional groupings. Each component becomes a building block. The lot forms a street, which organizes a neighborhood, to build a town, or, fills a district, to create a city. All these components are scaled topologically from rural to urban. Thus, at any point, the building type, streetscape, and landscape are reflective of, and reinforce the surrounding level of urbanism. Current zoning policies are unable to read these variations and treatments. Even most planned unit developments and mixed use zoning, only squeeze the current building model onto a single lot. It does not change the construction design. Uses are still separated and the car is still the pivot point around which the design is dependent. Ordinances wil! need to be written and revised to accommodate the variations and treatments of traditional design within developed areas. An added advantage of such coding is the immediate impact on older historical neighborhoods and districts. A city or town would not need the presence of historic districts to protect neighborhoods, if the zoning did no# allow only destructive suburban development to occur throughout the community. Another advantage is that the zoning map, zoning ordinance, and comprehensive plan, become seamless, creating a predictable, flexible, and secure environment. Current land plans and zoning have little relation to one another except in abstraction. Everyday decisions often negate comprehensive plans, because the underlying zoning is supe~cially descriptive of only one aspect of urban design, that of use. And the zoning ordinance addresses site specific concerns which are too specific to be picked up by the broad, advisory nature of a comprehensive plan. As a result the overlap of these 3 planning components is weak at best. The needs of today's world for predictability, security, and flexibility are not met. The current state of city development is a direct result of our technological abilities/limitations. Once technology advances to the point where we dictate lifestyle, instead of being dictated to ~ ~ f ~ 4/1 f 1lAR 11-~ P11A Traditional Urban Design and the Municipal Zoning Ordinance http:/lwww.state.nc.uslBelmont/newurban.htrn by the technology, the need to live in integrated, stable, nurturing places will be manifest by the resurgence ofi our cities, towns, and rural areas. ~,. A~ technology advances and the costly nature of current city building becomes more rec! nizable to the general public, traditional development codes will once again become the sty ndard. Their ability to offer a number of choices and accommodate growth and change wii in a predictable structure will be too alluring. B~ mont has already completed the first step by re-introducing traditional planning and de ~ ign into the City's municipal ordinance. This step involved a complete re-write due to the ge eric suburban nature of the late 1960's early 1970's existing document. This may not al, ys by the case for others. Some existing ordinances contain sufficient traditional design coding buried in the suburban codes. One would only need to locate these codes and bring them into the light. of ~ 4/1 fl/4R 11.7d PEA Ncotra.ditional Urbanism and Town Plannin8 http://www.state.nc.us/Belmont/jwood. htm NEOTRADITIONAL URBANISM AND TOWN PLANNING: Random Musings of a Convert 6y James W. Wood INTR4DUCTIDN "The History of our Nation is the History of its Villages Written Large" - Wooolrow Vlhlson Uncontrolled cell growth in the human body is called cancer. Uncontrolled growth in our cities is called sprawl, the "cancer" that destroys our social fabric. Andres Duany reminds us quite succinctly that if we were to visit any typical New England traditional village, there would most likely be an older town square surrounded by quaint shops and dwellings. In the center ofi this square, it would not be surprising to see a statue or monument of some kind erected to honor one of the original town founders. Well, the recording and teaching ofi history tends to serve as a filter softening the edges of our memories of the past. We tend to romanticize these town fathers as benign and beneficent old gents who had the best interest of the citizenry at heart when they first set pen to paper designing their new settlement. And perhaps they quite often did have a philanthropic nature. But what is often lost in the shuffle is the fact that most ofi these town fathers were fairly wealthy, powerful, well-connected land barons or speculators who were cashing in political favors in exchange for land grants. In other words, the motivation to establish new towns was at least as much profit-driven as munificent. Quite simply, these town founders were the historical antecedent of the modern day developer. So, the question begs to be asked: how is it that 150-200 years ago, citizens were so enamored of developers that they actually built monuments in their honor? Haw is it that the once-noble profession of "developer" has degenerated to the point where those who practice it skulk around apologetically trying to explain themselves in other ways, as if it is a badge of shame to be recognized as one? Because after all -the actual ingredients of the modern sprawl planned community and an historic New England village are nearly identical. In both models there are places to eat, shop, work, live, recreate, study, and worship. So how is it that we have grown to revere the developers who gave us New England villages, yet we scorn their modem day counterparts who give us guard-gated, cul-de-sac'ed mono-cultures of suburban McMansions all priced to accommodate an extremely narrow range of incomes and social classes? Is it because these subdivisions are horrible places to live? No, not really. They are in fact vaguely pleasant, sort of like elevator Muzak, and they often carry quaint names such as "Pine Brook Meadows" or some other such nonsense more often than not named after the very site amenities that were bulldozed into oblivion during construction. No, the answer is much more complex than that. People instinctively know and will likely admit that our older, traditional villages are remarkable places to live because they are socially and functionally complex. It is not the ingredients that make up the difference between a traditional village and suburbia, it's the model, or the pattern of how these ingredients work together, that elucidates the difference. The urban sprawl model of town planning that has dominated since WWII is the most socially ~ ~f 5 4H f1/4R 11 •~ PIu Neotraditional Urbanism and Town Planning http:/lwww.state.nc.us/BelmonUjwood.Mm destructive pattern of growth ever known. But it doesn't have to be that way. Autos and people can happily coexist, and urban areas can be thoughtfully planned to make them more liveable. Peninsular Charleston, South Carolina is the perfect example of a vibrant, eclectic, and profoundly inspiring urban village. With over ten years experience in urban planning, I advocate the design philosophy of the Neotraditionalists such as Peter Calthorpe and Andres Duany. Grid street networks, architecture that is executed on a human scale, socially friendly public spaces, mixed land-uses so that absolute reliance on the automobile is lessened, and neighborliness are known attributes of this growth paradigm. As a member of the Congress for the New Urbanism, I challenge anyone interested in improving the liveability of your town to find out more about this design philosophy. It is turning the planning profession upside down. The debates are lively and the issues far too important to ignore. A comparison of the two growth models follows, beginning with the sprawl model. SPRAWL Street N etwnrks Arterial !Collector system, or the "drowned warm" model of streets. All smaller roads eventually funnel traffic onto a large "arterial" street, which inevitably becomes choked with congestion and totally gridlocked. Streets are designed primarily to serve cars, and are extraordinarily hostile environments for pedestrians. Very little connectivity between streets, so there are very few ways to get from one place to another, and the roads that are designed for the highest traffic volumes are huge, formidable, and socially disruptive. Architecture The architecture ofi commercial buildings in the sprawl model is practically unregulated, so we end up with businesses erecting concre#e block buildings, metal buildings, and other visual monstrosities that are extraordinarily ugly and cheapen the appeal of the towm. Huge, plastic pole-mounted signs, which I call "litter on a stick" are erected by everyone in a pathetic attempt to visually "out-shout" the signs of competing neighbors. The result is a depressing melange of cheap, ugly strip-style development. Some of the most brilliant minds today are involved in the historic preservation movement in this country, and while vue applaud their efforts; tragically, nobody seems to notice that there is nothing being built today that will even be worth preserving in the future. Can you imagine the typical Wal-Mart building engendering a preservation movement 50 years from nova? Land Use Allocation The different land uses in the sprawl model are strictly segregated from each other in the belief that proximity will destroy property values. Certainly, with the way vue permit commercial buildings today, to a{low one to be built next to a home vu~ould utterly destroy property values. Who the heck would want to live next to a row of sheet metal mini-warehouses? However, the most insidious effect of use separation is that nearly every single human activity outside of the home requires an automobile trip. Consumer Reports magazine tells us that in 1996, the 7 of .ri 4/1(UgR 11.77 PIUI Neotraditional Urbanism and Town Planning http://www.state.nc.us/Belmont/jwood.Mm average nOUSenOIQ Wltn a ~3L,VVU Income WIII pay Over b3"/o oT its income to puy ana operate a new car! The question becomes... How is it that in some of our older urban villages, commercial uses and residential uses were located in such close proximity, allowing people to walk to their jobs or to get a meal, without harming property values? The answer is that there was architectural harmony and compatibility between homes and businesses. Commercial structures didn't look so radically different (and cheap) than they do today. Relation of Building to Land This is critically important. In the sprawl model, all buildings are set back from the street enormous distances so a huge parking lot can be constructed in front. What is the visual message of this arrangement? Cars are more important than people. The dominant visual feature of sprawl modelled strip centers is hot oceans of asphalt and cars. This is the first visual image that these communities wish to convey about themselves. People don't matter, only cars matter What a tragic indictment of our urban growth policies. It has been proven that this arrangement destroys street life and pedestrian activity, because Americans won't walk in front of parking lots. They simply cannot sustain that much visual boredom for such long periods. So, ugly buildings, uglier parking to#s, and inhospitable streets all contribute to the situation we are in today, namely that our developed areas look like urban wastelands. ff you see someone walking you almost certainly assume that they're indigent or something. or perhaps if they're dressed nicely, you think their car broke down and you feel sorry for them and offer them a ride. This is a totally asinine way to exist. Public Policy and Finance Urban fiscal resources are limited in three distinct ways. First, the Federal government has been on a path ofi financial disengagement and divestiture from urban problems since the Reagan Revolution. Whether that is good or bad depends on your personal political philosophy and is beyond the scope ofi this essay. Suffice it say that my statement is factual, not judgemental. Second, Urban areas have been the victims of declining tax bases due to white and middle class flight to the suburbs. finally, The current anti-tax sentiment of the public limits any hopes of raising new revenues. So why is this important? Well, the obvious answer is that urban areas must spend their limited resources much smarter than they have in the past. Sprawl modelled planning allows growth to occur very far from urban centers, and thus the costs of extending roads, communication networks, water and sewer lines, police and fire protection, drainage systems and other infrastructure absolutely explode into the tens ofi billions ofi dollars. This is catastrophically wasteful. If urban areas simply devised an urban growth boundary, like Portland Oregon did 20 years ago, the infrastructure savings alone would be mind-boggling (and thus taxes would need not be so high). The great architect Andres Duanycalled the sprawl model ofi urban planning 'The Genetic Blueprint for our own Self Destruction as a Nation." That's powerful stuff. We need to scrap this model in favor of the traditional neighborhood model of planning. TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD Street Networks of !5 4/1n/AR 11.77 PEA Neotraditional Urbanism and Town Planning http://www.state.nc.usJBelmonUjwood_rrtm Logically ordered, "gridiron" network with vastly superior amounts ofi connectivity. Addresses are easy to find due to the geometric discipline of the network, and because there are multiple ways to get from one point to another, no one way has to be huge, and congestion is nearly eliminated. Streets are relatively narrow, which increases the comfort and safety of pedestrians crossing them, and they are functionally complex. There are cars moving, cars parking, people walking, riding bikes, etc. Functional complexity is critically importan# if there is ever to be any sort of street life in the urban area. These streets are human in scale and relatively "intimate." Architecture Unlike in the sprawl model, the architectural design of buildings is subject to some level of scrutiny to ensure that all buildings respect the local traditions, history, and vernacular of the area. The corporate identity of the building owner or tenant is considered important, but secondary to the unique heritage and identity of the neighborhood. Cheap looking, temporal designs are disallowed, and design is not conceived in a visual vacuum. Rather, the surrounding architecture and building patterns are respected. Pole signs are eliminated in favor of monument style signs made of natural materials, which lends an air of permanence and solidity to the design. Land Use Allocation Uses are mixed, as in our traditional older villages and cities such as Charleston and Savannah. Because the architecture of differing uses is not radically different in scale or appearance, it is possible to mix the uses together without harming property values in the least. Mixing also allows people to choose to walk if they desire, instead of being forced to use a car for every single human activity outside the home. But it's not enough to merely make it possible to walk... It actually has to be desirable as well. The beauty of the traditional neighborhood model is that socially complex streets, attractive building design, and use - proximity all play key roles in encouraging pedestrian and street life. It is the onlyway to reclaim our streets as public realm space. A curious thing about traditional urbanism is that all of it's ingredients are necessary in order for it to work properly. You can adjust the mix a little, but not very much. For example, if you had grid streets, and allowed mixed uses, but had no architectural control, ugly, cheap buildings would be built and placed next to people's homes and they vuould destroy properly values and the incentive to walk. Relationship of Building to Land Buildings are highlighted and "shown off' by requiring their placement up near the street, with ugly parking lots behind. There are many reasons for this relating to human social perception: First of all, humans tend not to like endless vistas. They are disorienting and regressive and lead to the phenomenon "prairie madness." People naturally prefer some sort of termination of visual vistas. Second, ever since the Renaissance, builders and designers have pondered the age old question of how to make street space "feel" like a tangible, physical place. In order to make an essentially open vista feel like a place, you have to have enclosure. In other words, you must have a "room." In order to have a room, you need "walls." So the bottom line is that it is important to achieve some sort of vertical enclosure of the street space in order to make it feel like a place. Landscape architects who plant street trees in long rows do this because d of S 4/ 1 tUgR 11.78 PM Neot~aditional Urbanism and Town Planning http://www.state.nc.usJBelmont/jwood.htm they know the trees will grow up to give some semblance of vertical enclosure. When this happens, the landscape architect is removed from his or her traditional role of designing living ornamentation and is thrust into amuch-less-understood role of remediating the spatial deficiencies of poor urban design. A much better way to achieve vertical enclosure of street space is to require the buildings to be placed near the sidewalk, just as they are in almost every pre-VWVII town or village, or even Disney's "Main Street" attraction... An ideal ratio should be es#ablished between the height of the bounding walls on either side of the street and the distance separating them, of 1 to 3. In other words, 30 foot tall buildings on opposite sides of a street should have no more than about 90 feet of street separating them. This encloses the street space much better than can be achieved with street trees. Finally, it gives the added benefit of placing visually interesting things up near the sidewalks. People will walk in front ofi stores, coffee shops, restaurants, etc. if there are interesting things to see along the way. Public Policy and Finance It is quite obvious that our nation's traditional urban villages are much more socially friendly, aesthetically pleasing, and economically vibrant. Tourists fly in from thousands ofi miles away to visit downtown Charleston to do the one thing they would never do out in the auto-dominated suburbs. They actually get out of their vehicles and...(gasp!)...walk. Finally, it has been demonstrated beyond doubt that size-disciplined urban areas have much lower infrastructure and service provision costs than those that experienced explosive horizontal growth. Between 1970 and 1990, Los Angeles grew 45% in population, but over 300% in size. This is a financially ruinous pattern. IN CONCLUSION Much of this information can be supported by various urban planners and designers in the traditiona! neighborhood movement. I recommend using a search engine to explore "Andres Duany" or the "Congress for the New Urbanism" for more information. Thanks for your attention. James W. Wood is the city planner for Georgetown, South Carolina. He has a B.A. degree from West Virginia University, and he is currently pursuing the Master of Public Administration degree at the University of Charleston in South Carolina. Mr. Wood also maintains his own web site at http:/fwww.geocities.com/athens/8017. This essay is reprinted from the web site with the author's permission. 5 nfri 4/1NAR 11•~i PI1A ~ ~~n~,ress for the New Lrbanism CONGRESS FOR THE NEW URBANISM CNU IV CNU CHARTER CNU BOARD OF DIRECTORS CNU PROGRAM OF EVENTS Developing an Agenda for Action May 3-5, 1996 Charleston, South Carolina CNU CHARTER file:i;A, cr,~pa~;c.htn THE CONGRESS FOR NEW URBANISM views disinvestment in central cities, the spread of placeless sprawl, increasing separation by race and income, environmental deterioration., loss of agricultural lands and wilderness, and the erosion of society's built heritage as one interrelated community-building challenge. We stand for the restoration of existing urban centers and towns within coherent metropolitan regions, the reconf guration of sprawling suburbs into communities of real neighborhoods and diverse districts, the conservation of natural environments, and the preservation of our built legacy. We recognize that physical solutions by themselves will not solve social and economic problems, but neither can economic vitality, community stability, and environmental health be sustained without a coherent and supportive physical framework. 11'13 9S 10:10 Ati1 1 of 12 C'un~.;ress Cor the ticw Urbanism file:~'iA; c;;pa~~:: -~~ We advocate the restructuring of public policy and development practices to support the following principles: neighborhoods should be diverse in use and population; communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well as the car; cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally accessible public spaces and community institutions; urban places should be framed by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building practice. We represent a broad-based citizenry, composed of public and private sector leaders, community activists, and multidisciplinary professionals. We are committed to reestablishing the relationship between the art of building and the making of community, through citizen-based participatory planning and design. Vie dedicate ourselves to reclaiming our homes, blocks, streets, parks, neighborhoods, districts, towns, cities, regions, and environment. We assert the following principles to guide public policy, development practice, urban plaruling, and design: The region: Metropolis, city and town The nei~hborhood~, the district anal th.e corridor The block, the street and the building The region: Metropolis, city and town Metropolitan regions are finite places with geographic boundaries derived from topography, watersheds, coastlines, farmlands, regional parks, and river basins. The metropolis is made of multiple centers that are cities, towns, and villages, each with its own identifiable center and edges. 2 The metropolitan region is a fundamental economic unit of the contemporary world. Governmental cooperation, public policy, physical planning, and economic strategies must reflect this new reality. 3 The metropolis has a necessary and fragile relationship to its agrarian hinterland and natural landscapes. 2 of 12 1 lil3%9R f~):10.~~' ~ c>n~;ress for the New Urbanism lilc: A,;cnupa~c htrn The relationship is environmental, economic, and cultural. Farmland and nature are as important to the metropolis as the garden is to the house. 4 Development patterns should not blur or eradicate the edges of the metropolis. Infill development within existing urban areas conserves environmental resources, economic investment, and social fabric, while reclaiming marginal and abandoned areas. Metropolitan regions should develop strategies to encourage such inlill development over peripheral expansion. 5 Where appropriate, new development contiguous to urban boundaries should be organized as neighborhoods and districts, and be integrated with the existing urban pattern. Noncontiguous development should be organized as towns and villages with their own urban edges, and planned for ajobs/housing balance, not as bedroom suburbs. 6 The development and redevelopment of towns and cities should respect historical patterns, precedents, and boundaries. 7 Cities and towns should bring into proximity a broad spectrum of public and private uses to support a regional economy that benefits people of all incomes. Affordable housing should be distributed throughout the region to match job opportunities and to avoid concentrations of poverty. 8 The physical organization of the region should be supported by a framework of transportation alternatives. Transit, pedestrian, and bicycle systems should maximize access and mobility throughout the region while reducing dependence upon the automobile. 9 Revenues and resources can be shared more cooperatively among the municipalities and centers within regions to avoid destructive competition for tax base and to promote rational coordination of transportation, recreation, public services, housing, and community institutions. The neighborhood, the district and the corridor The neighborhood, the district, and the corridor are the essential elements of development and redevelopment in the metropolis. They form identifiable areas that encourage citizens to take responsibility for their maintenance and evolution. 2 Neighborhoods should be compact, pedestrian-friendly, and mixed-use. Districts generally emphasize a special single use, and should follow the principles of neighborhood design when possible. Corridors are regional connectors of neighborhoods and districts; they range from boulevards and rail lines to rivers and 3 of 12 1 11 ] 3/98 10:10 :~~1 ~. un~ress for the ticw Urbanism ~Ic:~~%A,cnupa~;~ htr; park~~~ays. 3 Many activities of daily living should occur within walking distance, allowing independence to those who clo not drive, especially the elderly and the young. Interconnected networks of streets should be designed to encourage walking, reduce the number and length of automobile trips, and conserve energy. 4 Within neighborhoods, a broad range of housing types and price levels can bring people of diverse ages, races, anal incomes into daily interaction, strengthening the personal and civic bonds essential to an authentic community. 5 Transit corridors, when properly planned and coordinated, can help organize metropolitan structure and revitalize urban centers. In contrast, highway corridors should not displace investment from existing centers. 6 Appropriate buildings densities and land uses should be within walking distance of transit stops, permitting public transit to become a viable alternative to the automobile. 7 Concentrations of civic, institutional., and commercial activity should be embedded in neighborhoods and districts, not isolated in remote, single-use complexes. Schools should be sized and located to enable children to walk or bicycle to them. 8 The economic health and harmonious evolution of neighborhoods, districts, and corridors can be improved through graphic urban design codes that serve as predictable guides for change. 9 A range of parks, from tot-lots and village greens to ballfields and community gardens, should be distributed within neighborhoods. Conservation areas and open lands should be used to define and connect different neighborhoods and districts. The block, the street and the building A primary task of all urban architecture and landscape design is the physical definition of streets and public spaces as places of shared use. 2 Individual architectural projects should be seamlessly linked to their surroundings. This does not imply that new buildings should mimic historic forms. ~ of 12 l 1/13'98 10:10 .~~t l'un~;ress for the New Urbanism file:, A; Cnupa~_e hir- 3 The revitalization of urban places depends on safety and security. The design of streets and buildings should reinforce safe environments, but not at the expense of accessibility and openness. 4 In the contemporary metropolis, development must adequately accommodate automobiles. It should do so in ways that respect the pedestrian and the form of public space. 5 Streets and squares should be safe, comfortable, and interesting to the pedestrian. Properly configured, they encourage walking and enable neighbors to know each other and protect their communities. 6 Architecture and landscape design should grow from local climate, topography, history, and building practice. 7 Civic buildings and public gathering places require important sites to reinforce community identity and the culture of democracy. They deserve distinctive form, because their role is different from that of other buildings and places that constitute the fabric of the city. 8 All buildings should provide their inhabitants with a clear sense of location, weather, and time. Natural methods of heating and cooling can be more resource-efficient than mechanical systems. 9 Preservation and renewal of historic buildings, districts, and landscapes affirm the continuity and evolution of urban society. ' Return to CNU I~ Main Page Return to CNU CHARTER I CNU BOARD OF DIRECTORS 5 of 12 11/13/98 10~ 10 Aft ~~n~~ress for the New Urbanism Jonathan Barnett ~ 1ud orbctt ~ Eiizabett~ Moule and ~ ' ~ C Stefanos Pol, 7Y _~oldes Catherine Bro~v11 Robert Davis John Norquist _.___..---_._.____.---------._____._..._.~__.._.__... ;_._.___...~.__._____ _--_____..~------_--__.__________.----_-._. ~_._._..._.__.______.__.------_.__.___..WW___._ Andres DuanY and E l i:~abeth Peter Calthorp,c Henr~R. Richmond Plater-Zyberk .._............__ ........................_..._._........................._....................,.,....__....... f..........,.,......_......_.._....~......._............___................................_.._......................._......_.._._..___............ ,.__............................_............_._......._.................... _........_...,......... i Chester E. "Rick" ~~ C'hellmal~~ ~ Grantland Johnson ~ Daniel Solomon tile:'-iAi cnupa<~ ntn, Jonathan Barnett is a professor of architecture and director of the graduate program in urban design of the City College of New York, and he has been a professor at Yale, University of Wisconsin, University of Maryland, and the University of South Florida. As an urban design consultant, he has advised such cities as Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Kansas City, Norfolk, Charleston, and New York City. A graduate of Yale, Mr. Barnett also holds a master of arts degree from the University of Cambridge and a master of architecture from Yale University. He is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and a member of the American Institute of Certified Planners. Books about urban design written by Jonathan Barnett include Urban Design as Public Policy, Introduction to Urban Design, The Elusive City: Five Centuries of Design, Ambition and Miscalculation, and The Fractured Metropolis: Improving the New City, Restoring the Old City, Reshaping the Region. Back to Index Catherine Brown is Coordinator of Special Projects and Senior Fellow at the Design Center for the American Urban Landscape at the University of Minnesota. Brown, along with William Morrish was a founding principal of the firm Citywest, where she directed a range of urban design projects in Arizona, Nevada, and California. She holds a master degree in landscape architecture and urban design from Harvard University's Graduate School of Design and a bachelor degree in landscape architecture from Louisiana State University. Brown has served on tl~e faculties of Morgan State University, Tulare University, and the University of Southern California. She is a board member of the Building Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences and the Minneapolis Center for the Book Arts. Back to Index Peter Calthorpe has practiced architecture since 1972 and founded Calthorpe Associates in 1.983. After attending Antioch College, he studied architecture at Yale University. Calthorpe has lectured widely throughout the United States, Europe, Australia, and South America and has taught at the University of California (Berkeley), University of Washington, University of Oregon, and University of North Carolina. Calthorpe is the h of 12 I 1 ~' 13/98 10:1 ~~ .~~T ~~on~ress for the New Urbanism file:!- :~; ~nup.i`c htn co-author of Sustainable Communities and author of The Next American Metropolis. He has received numerous honors and awards and has been cited by Newsweek as one of 25 "innovators on the cutting edge." Back to Index Chester E. "Rick" Chellman has more than twenty years experience in zoning, civil engineering, land surveying, traffic engineering, and development planning. Together with Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and others, Mr. Chellmanl was involved in the creation of the Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND). Chellman's contribution focused on matters of street design, vehicular and pedestrian traffic control and external transportation connections. Mr. Chellman has authored and. co-authored numerous works on topics related to the traffic and transportation aspects of TND design. Mr. Chellman has extensive experience in public participation related to the planning process, having been involved in numerous design "charrettes" throughout North America that have focused on the design of new towns alid extensions to existing communes. Back to Index Judy Corbett is the founder and Executive Director of the Local Government Commission, a nonprofit membership organization comprised of local elected officials from throughout California. The commission is committed to developing local government solutions to environmental problems. A graduate of the University of California at Davis, Ms. Corbett has lectured at universities, conferences, and workshops throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, and Mexico. With her husband Michael, Corbett planned and developed the energy-conserving 70-acre, Village Homes neighborhood in Davis, California. Corbett served for eight years as a consultant to the California State Assembly. She is co-author of two books on energy efficient design, Village Homes: Solar House Designs and A Better Place to Live. With the Local Government Commission she has co-authored numerous guides for policy makers on energy conservation and renewable energy use, hazardous waste reduction, economic development, water conservation, recycling, and sustainable land-use practices. Back to Index Robert Davis is President and principal of Seaside Community Development Corporation (SCDC}. He is responsible for planning and development of Seaside, a resort town in the Florida panhandle. Seaside has revived local vernacular traditions in its urban design, architecture and construction of its homes. Seaside has been the focus of widespread media attention in Time, The Wall Street Journal, Smithsonian, The Atlantic, The New York Times and in broadcasts on ABC, NBC, CBS, CNN, PBS, BBC. Seaside Community Development Corporation has been in business since 1982 and currently employs approximately 120 people. Back to Index Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk completed undergraduate degrees in architecture and urban planning at Princeton and master of 1 1/13!98 10:' ~~~ Atit of l2 s t ui~~*ress for the New Urbanism (ile: .~ cnupa~c architecture degrees at Yale University. In 1980 they founded their Miami-based architecture and to~~i~ planning practice. Their firm has designed over 70 new towns and community revitalization projects. Duany and Plater-Zyberk have received numerous awards including the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Award and two State of Florida Governor's Urban Design Awards. Their firm has been recognized internationally for both its urban planning and architectural design work. Duany and Plater-Zyberk have both taught at major Universities and lectured in the U.S., Canada, Europe, the Caribbean, and Japan. Plater-Zyberk was named dean of the University of Miami School of Architecture in June, 1995. Back to Index Grantland Johnson, appointed Regional Director for Region IX of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in November 1993, serves as Secretary Donna Shalala's representative in coordinating the administration and implementation of the Secretary's policies throughout the region, including governmental affairs at the state, county, and municipal levels. Region IX, with headquarters in San Francisco, includes Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Guam, and American Samoa. Before assuming his current position, Mr. Johnson had served since 1987 in the elected office of county supervisor in Sacramento County. During 1983-1986, he was a member of the Sacramento City Council. Back to Index Elizabeth Moule and Stefanos Polyzoides are Los Angeles-based architects and urbanists who have been partners since 1990. Moule received a bachelor of arts degree in art-history from Smith College and a master of architecture degree from Princeton University. She also studied at the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies in New York. Moule has taught at many U.S. universities as a visiting critic and is author of various articles on architecture and urbanism. Polyzoides was born and raised in Athens, Greece, and received both bachelor and master degrees in architecture and urban planning from Princeton University. He is associate professor of architecture at the Universiry of Southern California and has written extensively on the urban and architectural history of Southern California. Back to Index John Norquist was elected Mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1988 and was re-elected in 1992. He has earned a reputation for streamlining city government, focusing city resources on crime reduction and promoting business and job development. Norquist served in the Army Reserves from 1971 to 1977, earned his undergraduate and master degree from the University of Wisconsin and worked as a lathe operator and community worker. He represented Milwaukee's south and west sides in the Wisconsin Legislature. Mayor Norquist is a prominent participant in national discussions of urban design and educational issues. He chaired the National League of Cities Task Force on Federal Policy and Family Poverty and serves as a board member of the Alliance for Redesigning Government. Back to Index Henry R. Richmond 1 1/ l 3 /98 l 0:10 .~ ~1 8of12 ~ ~~n,`,ress for the New Urbanisi~~ file:- . A cnupa~e' was the founder and Executive Director of 1000 Friends of Oregon from 1975 to 1993. He was co-editor of tl~e Oregon State Bar's 27 chapter text, Land Use, first edition (1.976) and second edition (1982). In 1977, Richmond argued the first case under Oregon's Land Use law in the Oregon Supreme Court, Petersen v. City of Klamath Falls, establishing the principle that individual local land.-use decisions must conform to state planning policy. In 1990, he established the National Growth Management Leadership Project and has been its Chairman since 1993. That organization is a coalition of state-level and regional organizations from 22 states interested in land-use policy research and reform. Back to Index Daniel Solomon is a principal of the San Francisco firm of Solomon Architecture and Planning. The firm's work. has been widely published and won numerous awards. Solomon holds a bachelor of architecture degree from Columbia University, a bachelor of arts degree from Stanford University, and a master of architecture degree from the University of California (Berkeley). He is a professor of architecture at the University of California (Berkeley), where he has been a faculty member since 1966. Solomon is the author of Rebuilding and has written many articles and regularly lectures in the United States and abroad. Back to Index ~~ ~ Return to CNU IV Main Page Return to CNU BOARD OF DIRECTORS CNU PROGRAM OF EVENTS Friday, May 3,1996 5:00 PM TO 6:30 PM REGISTRATION /WELCOME RECEPTION AT DOCK STREET THEATRE OPENING PLENARY SESSIONS: 6:30 PM TO 6:~5 PM CNU IV Introduction: Developing an Agenda for Action Peter Katz, Acting Executive Director, Congress for the New Urbanism b:a5 Ph1 T'O 3:00 PM CNLT Membership Meeting CNLT Board of Directors, Committee Chairs 8:00 PM Dinner on your own Saturday, May 4,1996 9 of 12 11 i 13/98 10:10 A'Vl r i e a i NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER ARCADIA REALTY CORPORATION CARTER-BURGESS, INC. CARL-WALKER, INC. WHITE MOUNTAIN SURVEY COMPANY, INC. BEKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY' ZIMMERMANIVOLK ASSOCIATES, INC, D~'ANY PLATER-ZYBERK & COMPANY OCTOBER 1998 PROJECT TEAM: ANA ACORTA, DR. HASSE~M AKBARI, ROBERT ALMINiaN.a, M:~I~RIC10 CAJI~RO, RICK CHELLMAy, ANDRES DUANY; MANUEL FERNADEZ, ANTHER GIANNIO"CES, WILLIAM G(ETEMA JR., SETH HARRY, JOHN ROUGE. KEN HOWELL, OSCAR MACHADO, TERRY MITCHF,L, JORGE PLANAS, JIM STAIF, WILLIAM STRANGE, GALINA TAHCHIEVA, KIM TORBERT, JAMES WASSELL, GREG WATTS ANU LAURIE YOLK ~rCS~/ltr4~ /l•~ y- qd' Addiaor~ 'r ~r-' ,~v .; FORT N E 0 1 2 4 8 Miles NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TO WN CENTER ~ 1998 DuanyPlater-Zyberk 8 Company (] 0,2i,~98) R C File ~mme book-Lp6c E GION AL O N T E X T N E ~' 0 5000 10000 NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER ®1998 Wary Plaur•Zyberk & Company (10/23!98) ' F~~°°°'~`~' VICINITY MAP ' N t we --- o iooo iooo NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER ®~s~s ~y ei~~.zy~rk & c~~y ~iorz3~9s~ PREEXISTING CONDITION S Fik vue: Daok~l.p69 1 N w{e ~~~ 1 600 1200 NO__R_TH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER ©1998 Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company 00/23198) THE SIT E Fik nemc book-I.p65 0 v 0 ~~ ..~ '"_ I , .._.._._....`._._ _ _._._ ..._,._._~ ~~ 1 ~ _ . ~.~.~.... .~- - -_._._._ ._ ~- - --.._. - - -. 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'* i * ~ ~. 4~`x9* t •A : 1 { r 1 ~ ~ '.~ ,~ ,p . . 1 ~ Y i C ~ f~ ~ + 6 r !; s~ R f ~, .,E~ ~~ ~~ (~ i .~: f ~~ ' ~~~~ '' r .~s ~. _ ` ,r ~ ..~ ~ ~ r . r¢` ,.. c-1-, ` ~~ ~`; ~, Y } ~ t? FY` ~~ ~ t ~,~-- it r , f '- n: ~~n. i `. F ~,. ~~ ~~,~~'1 NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER ®i~s~u~ypi~e~-zyn~~k~caro~r(io~z3~9s~ A MIXED USE B U I L D I N G ~~ ~r.~~s 0 _ .~ f at1 ~S „ w.`~7' ~1 __ _ y y i ~ ::r ~ r ,- C n .lr ~ ~ +~ 1 , BSc ~ ~~ ' S NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER ©~99s~uanyP~a~eF-zyn~~&comp~y~ioia3r9a> A N OFFICE B U I L D I N G Fik mme. book~I.p63 s~'m~ew~ESae ameu~pj ~' Q ~ ~' Q ~ ~' .I. S 1'1 H ~ X86/6l/[1),(uadwo~~~iagiZ-ialeld,(uenQ8661 ~ 2I~,Ll~i~a 1~iMO 1.1,7 S'IZIH Qi~i~'IH~I~ H,L2I0~ SQ2I~'QN~'ZS 'IV2Il1,L~~.LIH~2I~' ' ~ I SQ2IVQN~.LS JNIX2I~d 'ZI SQ2I~QN~ZS ~2I~'dHJ~102I0HZ ' i I SQ2I~QN~.LS ~2i~',~H01102IOH.L 'Oi SQ2I~'QN~ZS 32I~dH0~102I0HZ '6 SQ2I~QN~,LS ~~~'dS N~d0 '8 SQ2I~QN~,LS ~S~l 'L SQ2I~'QN~'.LS N~S2In '9 SQ2I~QN~ZS ~O~.L1~02I,~ 'S S~d~s JNIQZI~Ig 'I~2i~N~J '~ S~NOZg~1S N~82If1 ' ~ S~NOZ 'I~NOI~J~2I 'Z ~Z~N~~Z7~ N~'Zd ~JNI,LV'II1J~2I'VI N~''Id JNI,L~'I11J~2I ' I \J i i,.~ ~~ o I I I ! _ ~a ~ ~, s .. ~t ,L-T~~" i I ~ r r r ~r rr..a '~ ~l './ ~'~1~jY,. +yzy~ rit i .~ r - y Ty t-T~ ~'1 L 1L .1~r'^ '~ ~ _ L. 3 } . J 4 J y ~ t. .I ~~ ~ J I r I_113J.~J..~-~ t - "~i ^~ J~~ t` ~ ,~ _ t' r~ , l; 'r ~hYf ~~ ~p~.~ ~.. • ~ . - - ~' ~ iii"' t.~~v' a t',~ \°I- ~ ~' ,y , >•jh~~ ~ ~ 1~ ,}~ ~~, ~jy,. ~~. ~`~, 1 S4 L t t t~ si ~ i l '`~ ~~~-rr~1 r•T,.',_'~( al~ `K~ ''`'1S~Tr,.r1 A ~ I 1' 7 is - "~ ,'~!' a.,/t+j~ ,r ~ i e.. ,~.r~~ y~~ ~` ~•~ Tit i IT1T'~'~ii' ~i.i:~ .~ ~~ ~ 1 1~_1 J~ EE~ ~ ..yt~ `9~~ ' 1 ~ y•1 ' aAj'~ I~,~ r~ , t .~ ~ SSl`~.~. ..1~: ~-, ~ ~ ~. ...~.:.y:~,,,;:..t.l J_ _.J. ., ~~ NEIGHBORHOOD EDGE ~~' '+y~~'+«. s-.~'~ {E r~'` ` ~ NEIGHBORHOOD GENERAL ~ m Ji R, ~ ~. ~ ~.. ~ ~ NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER _~;~ ~~~ _ - ~i,="°I COMMERCIAL CORE '° "l -w J ~ IS ;~ 1 .i..a~i L Li 1 it I~ - --*. Iit LLw.++ Lill 1+.~ r • +-• j r - sue. # ~T„ ~ . -.-. y ~i a+_Ll..J 111 ~~ ~~ ~~~ ~: v ~, ~. .~ ~ ~' ~ Il . _JM H" . 1„~. ~ ~, I I •'~ J~ ~, + _~ .. •--, i. I , ,~ ~ ;~ I i ~i { I -~~--~: < I ~ ~ ~ ~ I ?~ ~I ~1 j~, ~ ~- ~,_m~ ~ y •- iI .~ ~_ _ •. ~ . ~WJ 1 - , _ ~' ~- ----~~ ,. i~ r 0 600 1200 NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER ~ 1998DuanyPlater-Zynerk&Company(lli191981 ~. R E G U L A T I N G P L A N Fileour boak•I pf5 „ I ',~. ~~ , , ~; '~. ~. i v ~-" --_ , -- . - ~ ,, _ _ ~ f ..i 1 'j ~ M r I 1 ~-1 I( - ~ 1 ° ' ~ - I / ,r' i ' '~ r -J ~---1 1 Irk ,-~ r'- ~ ri I t:1_~ I I r-~ l rr~' ~ i I ! I l r ;r I w~ ~ ~ ."~ _ j ~ ice'-, f'I'~'r I ~' - r-T "1 ~_~ ~~ /~ ` I ~1i,T,T+T^pT1'~l 1 1 ; t 1 _ ~~ ~~ ~~~~~k ~J/ t~ ~~11rirtl~ I ' r; `~,~ r J ~ r"!ll~~~ ,'~ I l LLLS1'Tr~.I, '~~ / / ,' ' I t 1 1 J IT _y~y r ~.C~ A,y.>,.,.a..- _~ ` I' i 1' A t. ~ ~ -~f 4 1 ~Y ~/!~~~ `L I r Y I J ~~ ~~~~ t 1 ~ , ? ~ 7 1 T~~, - ©©© =i~ttt~ r~~' ~, .J fT'.~ , Y.~ ~~t, ~ ~1 r ~lyy 1, I l.. ~,_ l f i ~ ' L J L ~~L.t 4 Y~11;', I f i_yJ~i.i. i.~ i ~.'/~ ~ r,l-{'i1"i"T ~^t'~,7~ fir`-~ rt~~~~ .. rf I r r I ..~.~ w ~~ i ! j J-~ - ~•t' --'r a , 11- i-J NE[GHBORHWDEDGE „~y cv+~~ar'~ 1. i.! .i.~~~' NEIGHBORHWD GENERAL / ~I I~ \ rr ~ ~~ NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER `~ ~ ~ ~ Q COMMERCIAL CORE I l~l~ r ~~ ~ v i ~• ~ ~~ i I ® CIVIC; ~ 0 60~ IZ~O ~.... ..~....~~ ~ ~a..,~-~J o..rnw wur~raq Iro~GJr 701 Fde mme boatel p65 __~ --- -- __-_____,r_---__--, ---r- -- - -- C"" _~ _~ _ _ I I i ',1 ~~ - - ._ _. - it ! / ~~ I I , ~ra J ,,-I F~ L ~ -~ r . _ _ . _.~'-?'rte PSCa.c ~, tr: __ r _-J ~ , }{eur~ V ~--~ ~ __._-_.-_~_.__.. _~ I i ~~ s ~ ~ f ~ ~~-_ ~ I ~ ! '} ~ { ~ '' r I I I i ~ r ~ ~.~ '~ 7 -~~ ~ i ~ I I ~ 1 I ~-_` i ~i ~ ~ r. '. ~ li ~~ 'fL1LL.t,u~.: LLLLJ.i~ ti \.~. 1 ,~,1 J. r r .. _...r , r `i .~ U.i1 W ~ ~.- ..r....r ~ -' I ~I !nlllrR ~ 1L111.. hh~"'~ I CeRrer U .~ I ~ ,~ ~ ~ l ~ q ~~t '~T J.. Ara~r ~ _ _ __ ~_°~ ~ ,5 -i--- i, ~ ~ _ ~~ f r--.r I ti ' ~-' `,~ ~~ , tlz! ~~• _ l ~ I~ ~~ ~~j~y ~~ ~, .raid ~ ~ ~;_..... r''h Hn1! II - ~ ~~ i A_ _ ----~~ ,` r,. ~ i 'U ~ ~ n ~ rl ~ y ~' 1 ~~~ ~ / ~; NORTH RICHLAND HILLS TOWN CENTER IA. REGULATING PLAN TRADITIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT (TND) L.OOOINTENT:TheTNDisdesignedtofosterdevelop- 3.300 Neighborhood Size: The minimum size of each ment in the pattern of cores and neighborhoods within neighborhoodsha11be40acresandthemaximumsha]]be urbanized areas and villages within the countryside. 200 acres. Larger parcels shall be developed as multiple 2.100 DESCRIPTION: The TND supports the follow- neighborhoods,eachsubjecttothesetofTNDprovisions. ingconventions: 4.000 MASTER PLAN AND ZONING • A neighborhood pattern to be limited in size by the walking distance from its edges to its center. • A variety of housing, shops, workplaces and civic buildings located in close proximity, • Housing which serves a range of income and age groups. • Workplaces that provide for homeoccupation and busi- nessincubators aswell asfor conventional offices. • Thoroughfares that equitably serve the needs of the pedestrian, the bicycle and the automobile. • Public open spaces in the specific form of parks, squares and plazas to serve as places of recreation and community activity. • Sites reservedinlocationsthatfostetcivicbuildingsas symbols of community. • Private buildings that clearly define the public spaces and mask the majority of the parking lots. • Architecture and landscaping which respond to [he climate and character of the region. 2.200 JUSTIFICATION: The TND supports the fol- lowingintentions: • Toprovidetheelderlyandtheyoungwiththeirindepen- dencebylocating most daily activities within walking distance. • Tominimizetrafficcongestionbyreducingthenumber and length of necessary automobile [rips. • To makepublictransitaviablealternativebyorganizing appropriate building concentrations. • To help citizens watch over their collective security by providing appropriate public spaces . • To integrateawiderangeofhouseho]dtypesbyprovid- ing afull range of housing types. • To support a sense of community by encouraging suit- ablecivic buildings. 3.000 DEVELOPMENT PARAMET)rRS: 4.100 Master Plan: The city master plan may show areas where TNDs are encouraged. See 2. Regions! Zones 4.110 Zoning: The city may create a specialized zoning district forTND's which will include detailed descriptions of and standards for : regional Zones, Urban Subzones, General Building Types, Frontage Standards, Urban Stan- dards,Use Standards, Open Space Standards, Thorough- fare 5[andards, Parking Standards, and Architectural Standards. In the absence of a specialized TND Zoning District, and owner may include the above detailed de- scriptionsand standards in the form of a Planned Devel- opmentDistrict. 4.200 Regulating Plan: The Owner's zoning submittal shall include a Regulating Plan showing Core, Center, General and appropriate Edge Subzones. These Subzones create a range, from urban to rural 6y specifying a coordinated set of requirements for private buildings, public open spaces, and thoroughfares. See 1. Regulating Plan & 3. Urban Subzones 4.21 Shared Parking Standards: The owner's zoning submittal shall include shared parking regulations. These regulations allow compact pedestrian friendly blocks and produce a finer grain of development, 4.310 Private Buildings: The requirements refer to Type, Use and Frontage according tosub-zone. Public buildings are not coded in this manner. Their specifica- tions will be subject to approval by the Town Center Architect. See 4. General Building Types, 6. Urban standards, 7. Use Standards & 5. Frontage Standards 4.320 Public Spaces: The requirements specify parks, greens, squares and plazas. See 8. Open Space Standards 4.330 Thoroughfares: The requirements specify veloc- ityand streetscape tocreate boulevards, avenues, streets and roads with corresponding rear alleys and lanes. The size of the thoroughfares is determined by adjacent land uses, desired traffic movement, and design speed. See 9, 10, & I1. Thoroughfare Standards 3.100 Parcel Location: The TND is a specialized zoning district which may be permitted land zoned Resi- dential,Commercial or Industrial. 4.340 Architecture: See 13. Architecture Standards REGIONAL ZONES consist of.• • .. • Corridor: open space connectors and linear transportation rights of way. The corridorincludes natural and man- madecomponents ranging from wild- lifetrailstoraillines. The natural corridors are formed by the assembly of natural, agricultural, and recreational open spaces, such as parks, school yards, and golf courses. These continuous spaces can be part of a larger network, connecting the urban open spaces to the countryside. The transportation corridor is deter- mined byits intensity. Heavy rail cor- ridors should remain tangent and ex- ternal foal] utbanizedareas. Light rail and streetcar corridors may occur at boulevards at the edges of neighbor- hoods. Bus corridors may pass into neighborhoods on streets. The corri- dormay also be acontinuous parkway, providing long-distance walking and bicycle trails. The corridorshouldnot be the residual space bounding sepa- ratezones. Rather, it is a public ele- mentcharacterized byits visible conti- nuity. N NEIGH80RHOOa D • Neighborhood: compact urbanized areas providing a balanced range of human needs. ', Theneighborhoodincludesabalanced setofactivities: shopping,work,school- ing, recreation, and dwelling. This is particularly useful for those such as the young, old,orhandicapped. The neighborhood provides business incubators as well as housing for a variety of lifestyles. Inclusive housing refers to the housing needs of people at all stages of life. The neighborhood has a centerand an edge which contribute to the identity of the community. The center is a public space, which may be a plaza, a square, a green, or an important street inter- section. It is located near the center of theNeighborhood,uuless compelled by a geographic circumstance to be else- where. Eccentric locations may be justified by a shoreline, a transportation corridor, or a compelling view. The center is the appropriate location of the neighborhood's public buildings. Shops and workplaces are usually as- sociatedwith the center. In the aggre- gation ofneighborhoods which create towns and cities, thesebuildings should be at the edge, where they gain syn- ergy asneighborhoods connect. The edges of a neighborhood vary in character. In villages, the edge is usually defined by open space. In towns and cities, the edge is often another neighborhood ortransportation corridor. The optimal size of a neighborhood is a quarter milefromcentertoedge. This distance is the equivalent of a five- minutewalk at uneasy pace. This limit assures a population within walking distance of many of its daily needs. This size is determined, not by density but by a maximum walking radius. Larger areas are reapportioned as mul- tiple neighborhoods. Smaller areas should be concurrently planned with adjoining holdings. A transit stop within walking distance of most homes enhances the useful- ness ofpublic transportation. The neighborhood is structured on a fine-grained network of thoroughfares to shorten pedestrian routes. This in- terconnecting street pattern provides multiple routes that diffuse traf fic,keep- inglocal traffic off regional roads and through traffic off local streets. Neighborhood thoroughfares are de- signed toprovide equitably for pedes- triancomfort and for automobile move- ment. Pedestrian activity encourages the casual meetings that form thebonds of community. The neighborhood identifies appropri- atelocationsforcivicbuildings. These enhancecommunityilentity and foster community paRicipation. • District: urbanized areas specialized around a predominant activity. The district isrestrictedfromallowing the full range of activities of a neigh- borhood. Adistrictisonlyjustifiedto accommodate uses that cannot be in- corporatedinto the neighborhood struc- ture. Examples are theater districts, capitol areas and college campuses. Other districts accommodate large scale transportation or manufacturing uses, such as airports, container termi- nals,refineries, and "big-box" retailing. The structure of the district should parallel that of the neighborhood: an identifiable focus encourages orienta- tionand identity, while clear bound- ariesfacilitate the formation of special management organizations. Intercon- nection with adjacent neighborhoods encourages pedestrian access, Dis- trictsbenefit from transit systems, and should be located within the regional network. Districts must be justified by a public process leadingto approvalbytheap- propriatepublicbody. 3.200ParcelSize: The minimumparcelforaTNDshall be 80 acres. There shall be no maximum size limit. 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